Ce qu'il faut savoir
L’apport adéquat et équilibré de macronutriments, micronutriments et liquides est indispensable pour obtenir la meilleure performance pendant l'entraînement et la compétition et ainsi, optimiser :
- l’adaptation des muscles aux sollicitations de l'entraînement
- une récupération plus rapide après l’effort
- la prévention des accidents
- le maintien de la masse musculaire
Les études* sur les athlètes de haut niveau témoignent de certains aspects critiques qui peuvent être combattus grâce à une alimentation
à base végétale.
* 1. Merghani, A.; Maestrini, V.; Rosmini, S.; Cox, A.T.; Dhutia, H.; Bastiaenan, R.; David, S.; Yeo, T.J.; Narain, R.; Malhotra, A.; et al. Prevalence of subclinical coronary artery disease in masters endurance athletes with a low atherosclerotic risk profile. Circulation 2017, 136, 126–137.
2. Breuckmann, F.; Möhlenkamp, S.; Nassenstein, K.; Lehmann, N.; Ladd, S.; Schmermund, A.; Sievers, B.; Schlosser, T.; Jöckel, K.-H.; Heusch, G.; et al. Myocardial late gadolinium enhancement: Prevalence, pattern, and prognostic relevance in marathon runners. Radiology 2009, 251, 50–57.
3. Barnard ND, Goldman DM, Loomis JF5, Kahleova H, Levin SM, Neabore S, Batts TC. Plant-Based Diets for Cardiovascular Safety and Performance in Endurance Sports. Nutrients. 2019 Jan 10;11(1). pii: E130. doi: 10.3390/nu11010130.
4. Phillips, F.; Hackett, A.F.; Stratton, G.; Billington, D. Effect of changing to a self-selected vegetarian diet on anthropometric measurements in UK adults. J. Hum. Nutr. Diet. 2004, 17, 249–255.
5. Jacobs, K.A.; Sherman, W.M. The efficacy of carbohydrate supplementation and chronic high- carbohydrate diets for improving endurance performance. Int. J. Sport Nutr. 1999, 9, 92–115.
6. Masson, G.; Lamarche, B. Many non-elite multisport endurance athletes do not meet sports nutrition recommendations for carbohydrates. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 2016, 41, 728–734.
7. Melina, V.; Craig, W.; Levin, S. Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics: Vegetarian diets. J. Acad. Nutr. Diet. 2016, 116, 1970–1980.
8. Smith, M.M.; Lucas, A.R.; Hamlin, R.L.; Devor, S.T. Associations among hemorheological factors and maximal oxygen consumption. Is there a role for blood viscosity in explaining athletic performance? Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc. 2015, 60, 347–362.
9. Wang, F.; Zheng, J.; Yang, B.; Jiang, J.; Fu, Y.; Li, D. Effects of vegetarian diets on blood lipids: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J. Am. Heart. Assoc. 2015, 4, e002408.
10. Ernst, E.; Pietsch, L.; Matrai, A.; Eisenberg, J. Blood rheology in vegetarians. Br. J. Nutr. 1986, 56, 555–560.
11. Powers, S.K.; Talbert, E.E.; Adhihetty, P.J. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as intracellular signals in skeletal muscle. J. Physiol. 2011, 589, 2129–2138.
12. Rauma, A.L.; Törrönen, R.; Hänninen, O.; Verhagen, H.; Mykkänen, H. Antioxidant status in long-term adherents to a strict uncooked vegan diet. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1995, 62, 1221–1227.
13. Kahleova, H.; Matoulek, M.; Malinska, H.; Oliyarnik, O.; Kazdova, L.; Neskudla, T.; Skoch, A.; Hajek, M.; Hill, M.; Kahle, M.; et al. Vegetarian diet improves insulin resistance and oxidative stress markers more than conventional diet in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic Med. 2011, 28, 549–559.
14. Haghighatdoost, F.; Bellissimo, N.; Totosy de Zepetnek, J.O.; Rouhani, M.H. Association of vegetarian diet with inflammatory biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Public Health Nutr. 2017, 20, 2713–2721
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